1. Belt Conveyor: Belt conveyors transport materials using a continuously moving conveyor belt and are one of the most widely used conveying equipment. Their core structure includes a drive drum, idler rollers, the conveyor belt, and a tensioning device. Based on the conveyor belt material, they can be divided into rubber belts, steel belts, and plastic belts. They are suitable for horizontal or inclined transport of bulk materials such as coal, ore, and grain. Advantages include large conveying capacity (up to thousands of tons per hour), stable operation, and low maintenance costs. However, attention must be paid to conveyor belt wear and material adhesion issues.
2. Chain Conveyor: Chain conveyors use a chain as the traction component and carry materials through chain plates, scrapers, or pallets. They are divided into heavy-duty chain plate conveyors and light-duty scraper conveyors. The former is used in heavy-duty applications such as ore and cement, while the latter is suitable for light materials such as food and chemicals. Their characteristics include compact structure, high temperature resistance (up to 400℃), and strong adaptability, but they are noisier and require regular chain lubrication.
3. Bucket Elevator: A bucket elevator vertically lifts materials using buckets on a traction belt. It is suitable for the vertical transport of powdery or granular materials such as grain, cement, and coal. Based on the traction method, it is divided into ring chain, plate chain, and belt type, with lifting heights reaching tens of meters. Its advantages include small footprint and good sealing, but overload can easily cause buckets to fall off, requiring strict control of the feed rate.
4. Screw Conveyor: A screw conveyor uses rotating helical blades to propel materials axially. It is divided into horizontal and vertical screw conveyors. The former is used for materials with good flowability, such as concrete and grain, while the latter is suitable for powdery materials. It has a simple structure and low cost, but the conveying distance is limited (generally not exceeding 30 meters), and it is prone to blockage due to material adhesion.
5. Pneumatic Conveying Equipment: Pneumatic conveying achieves airflow transport of materials through compressed air or a vacuum system. It is divided into positive pressure conveying and negative pressure conveying. It is suitable for long-distance (up to hundreds of meters) conveying of lightweight materials such as grains, plastic granules, and powders. It has the advantages of good sealing and no dust pollution, but it has high energy consumption and requires an air compressor and separator.